// **************************************** // *** SET FREQUENCY CORRECTLY ** #define F_CPU 1000000UL // **************************************** /* PIN SETUP pc5 - rs - data/command (0 - command, 1 - data) pc4 - e - strobe (start after data is set, at least 230 ns) pc3 - d7 - data pc2 - d6 - data pc1 - d5 - data pc0 - d4 - data pd0 - r/w - write - 1, read -0+pullup pd7 - test led anode - not really needed to onnect bit values in PORT C // 32 16 8 4 2 1 // rs e d7 d6 d5 d4 */ #include #include // 150 ns delay static inline void Tick(void) { // 0mhz - 3mhz - 1 nop // 3mhz - 7mhz - 2 nops // 7 - 11 - 3 // 11 - 15 - 4 // 15 - 19 - 5 // 19 ..23 - 6 // 23 .. - 8 #if F_CPU > 23000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop"::); #elif F_CPU > 19000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop"::); #elif F_CPU > 15000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop"::); #elif F_CPU > 11000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop\n\tnop\n\tnop"::); #elif F_CPU > 7000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop\n\tnop"::); #elif F_CPU > 3000000UL asm volatile("nop\n\tnop"::); #else asm volatile("nop\n"::); #endif } void pulse_e() { // turn on e PORTC |= 0b00010000; // wait 1 microsecons (at least 250 ns) Tick(); // turn off e PORTC &= ~0b00010000; // way 1 microsecons (at least 250 ns) Tick(); } void sendcommand2(unsigned char b){ unsigned char c=b; unsigned char state; DDRC =0b11110000; // set read for the 4 bits on data port PORTC|=0b00001111; // turn on pull ups on input lines PORTC&=0b11011111; // a0 (rs) to zero! PORTD|=0b00000001; // turn read mode on do { Tick(); // wait a bit PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); state=PINC; // read BS bit and address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); // repeat E cycle to read the next nibble PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low state=state & 0b00001000; } while (state); Tick(); PORTD &= 0b11111110; // back to write mode PORTC=0; // turn off pullups DDRC =0xff; // back to write mode c=c>>4; c|=0b00000000; PORTC=c; pulse_e(); c=b; c&=0b00001111; c|=0b00000000; PORTC=c; pulse_e(); } void sendbyte2(unsigned char b){ unsigned char c=b; unsigned char state; DDRC =0b11110000; // set read for the 4 bits on data port PORTC|=0b00001111; // turn on pull ups on input lines PORTC&=0b11011111; // a0 (rs) to zero! PORTD|=0b00000001; // turn read mode on do { Tick(); // wait a bit PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); state=PINC; // read BS bit and address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); // repeat E cycle to read the next nibble PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low state=state & 0b00001000; } while (state); Tick(); PORTD &= 0b11111110; // back to write mode PORTC=0; // turn off pullups DDRC =0xff; // back to write mode c=c>>4; c|=0b00100000; PORTC=c; pulse_e(); c=b; c&=0b00001111; c|=0b00100000; PORTC=c; pulse_e(); } void waitbs(){ unsigned char state; DDRC =0b11110000; // set read for the 4 bits on data port PORTC|=0b00001111; // turn on pull ups on input lines PORTC&=0b11011111; // a0 (rs) to zero! PORTD|=0b00000001; // turn read mode on do { Tick(); // wait a bit PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); state=PINC; // read BS bit and address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); // repeat E cycle to read the next nibble PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low state=state & 0b00001000; } while (state); Tick(); PORTD &= 0b11111110; // back to write mode PORTC=0; // turn off pullups DDRC =0xff; // back to write mode } unsigned char getaddr(){ unsigned char s1; unsigned char s2; unsigned char addr=0xff; DDRC =0b11110000; // set read for the 4 bits on data port PORTC|=0b00001111; // turn on pull ups on input lines PORTC&=0b11011111; // a0 (rs) to zero! PORTD|=0b00000001; // turn read mode on Tick(); // wait a bit PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); s1=PINC; // read address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); s2=PINC; // read address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); PORTD &= 0b11111110; // back to write mode PORTC=0; // turn off pullups DDRC =0xff; // back to write mode s1&=0b00000111; s2&=0b00001111; s1<<=4; addr=s1|s2; return addr; } unsigned char readdata(){ unsigned char s1; unsigned char s2; unsigned char data=0xff; DDRC =0b11110000; // set read for the 4 bits on data port PORTC|=0b00101111; // turn on pull ups on input lines, a0 (rs) is high for data read PORTD|=0b00000001; // turn read mode on Tick(); // wait a bit PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); s1=PINC; // read address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); PORTC |= 0b00010000; // e is high Tick(); s2=PINC; // read address PORTC &= 0b11101111; // e is low Tick(); PORTD &= 0b11111110; // back to write mode PORTC=0; // turn off pullups DDRC =0xff; // back to write mode s1&=0b00001111; s2&=0b00001111; s1<<=4; data=s1|s2; return data; } void sendstring2(char* str){ while (*str){ sendbyte2((unsigned char)*str); str++; } } int main() { unsigned char i=0; DDRD =0b10000001; // blink led a bit to show that mcu is alive // blinking must at at 1 second between on/off. If not - freq is wrong! PORTD|=0b10000000; _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); PORTD&=0b01111111; _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); PORTD|=0b10000000; _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); PORTD&=0b01111111; _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); DDRC=0xFF; // all out PORTD&=0b11111110; // initial deay, it is not needed in THIS case, but usually you need it _delay_ms(40); // set 8 bit data PORTC=0b00000011; pulse_e(); _delay_us(40); // set 8 bit data PORTC=0b00000011; pulse_e(); _delay_us(40); // set 8 bit data PORTC=0b00000011; pulse_e(); _delay_us(40); // set 4 bit data PORTC=0b00000010; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(100); // set params PORTC=0b00000010; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTC=0b00001010; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); // display off PORTC=0b00000000; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTC=0b00001000; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); // display clear PORTC=0b00000000; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTC=0b00000001; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); // entry mode PORTC=0b00000000; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTC=0b00000110; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); // display on PORTC=0b00000000; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTC=0b00001110; pulse_e(); _delay_ms(20); PORTD|=0b10000000; sendbyte2('X'); sendbyte2('X'); waitbs(); //getaddr does not wait for bs, but we need to give lcd some time to complete AC change i=getaddr()+0x30; // cursor position must be 2, without waitbs at high freq we get1 - that is why waitbs is needed sendbyte2(i); sendbyte2('X'); sendbyte2('X'); sendbyte2('X'); sendbyte2('X'); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); PORTD&=0b01111111; sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("copy"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b10000000); // now wait until address set is conlkete because there is no wait in the readdata waitbs(); i=readdata(); sendcommand2(0b10000100); sendbyte2(i); sendcommand2(0b10000001); waitbs(); i=readdata(); sendcommand2(0b10000101); sendbyte2(i); sendcommand2(0b10000010); waitbs(); i=readdata(); sendcommand2(0b10000110); sendbyte2(i); sendcommand2(0b10000011); waitbs(); i=readdata(); sendcommand2(0b10000111); sendbyte2(i); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("move to0"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b10000000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendstring2("clear"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendstring2("go home"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000010); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("cur<-xx"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000100); sendstring2("123"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000110); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("shift1<"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b10000100); // shift display 1 sendcommand2(0b00000111); sendstring2("1"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("2"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("3"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("4"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("5"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("6"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("7"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("8"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("9"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000100); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("shift0>"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b10000100); // shift display 0 sendcommand2(0b00000101); sendstring2("1"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("2"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("3"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("4"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("5"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("6"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("7"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("8"); _delay_ms(500); sendstring2("9"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000100); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("cursor"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001101); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001110); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001111); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000100); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("shiftcur"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00010000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00010000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00010000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("shiftdis"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00011000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendstring2("off/on"); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001000); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00001100); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); sendcommand2(0b00000001); sendbyte2(0); sendbyte2('<'); sendbyte2('-'); sendcommand2(0b01000000); sendbyte2(1); sendbyte2(3); sendbyte2(7); sendbyte2(15); sendbyte2(31); sendbyte2(63); sendbyte2(127); sendbyte2(255); sendcommand2(0b10000101); sendbyte2('!'); _delay_ms(500);_delay_ms(500); i=0; while(1){ sendcommand2(0b01000000); for(int k=0;k<8;k++){ sendbyte2(i+k); } _delay_ms(50); i++; } }